This one is an FEE Timely Classic, thanks to Lawrence H White, highlighting the successful history of free banking on metallic standards.
By
Lawrence H. White • October 1993 • Volume: 43 • Issue: 10
Dr. White, Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Georgia, is a Contributing Editor of The Freeman.
How well would the banking system work if there were no government regulation? One way to begin answering this question is to examine the historical record. In the nineteenth century many countries had relatively unregulated banking systems with few or none of the restrictions that face American banks today: legal barriers to new entry, deposit insurance, geographic and activity restrictions, reserve requirements, and protection of favored banks from failure. Because these systems were so different from today’s, they throw valuable light on the possible consequences of completely deregulating banking in the future.
A useful source of historical information is the recently published volume entitled
The Experience of Free Banking, edited by Kevin Dowd (London: Routledge, 1992). The book’s contributors (of which I am one) investigate relatively unregulated banking systems in nine different countries during the nineteenth century: Australia, Canada, Colombia, China, France, Ireland, Scotland, Switzerland, and the United States. An overview chapter by Kurt Schuler shows that there were another fifty episodes that might also be investigated in detail. Fresh historical evidence, of the sort provided in this book, usefully complements the several other studies of free-market money and banking that have been published in recent years.[
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